Check if Directory is Empty in Python

Python - Check if directory is empty

To check if a directory is empty or not in Python, you can use the os.listdir function. The function returns a list of files and sub-directories in the directory. If this list is empty, then the directory is empty.

Empty directory should have no files or sub-directories.

The syntax of the boolean expression to check if the directory is empty is

not os.listdir('path/to/directory')

The above expression returns a boolean value of True if the directory is empty, or False if the directory is not empty.

Note: The 'path/to/directory' in the above expression should be replaced with the actual path of the directory you want to check.

Example

In the following program, we check programmatically if the directory myfolder/resources is empty or not.

Directory

We use the previously mentioned boolean expression, to check if the directory is empty or not, as a condition in the if-else statement.

Python Program

import os

path_to_directory = "myfolder/resources"

if not os.listdir(path_to_directory):
    print("Directory is empty.")
else:
    print("Directory is not empty.")

Output

Directory is empty.

Faster Way

If you are using Python3.5 or higher, there is a method whose performance is better than the above mentioned solution.

os.scandir('path/to/directory') returns an iterator to the files and sub-directories in the given directory. To check if the directory is empty, all we have to do is if there is no any item in this iterator.

In the following example, we use os.scandir() to check if the given directory is empty or not.

Python Program

import os

path_to_directory = "myfolder/resources"

if not any(os.scandir(path_to_directory)):
    print("Directory is empty.")
else:
    print("Directory is not empty.")

Output

Directory is empty.

Summary

In this tutorial of Python Examples, we learned how to check if a directory is empty or not by checking if there are any files or sub-directories in the specified directory.